Herring fishing – of all things – could have a big impact on AI regulation in 2024. That is, cases brought by two herring fishing companies are before the Supreme Court that could have wide-reaching influence. The cases challenge actions taken by the National Marine Fisheries Service and longstanding Chevron deference. Under Chevron, courts afford deference to reasonable agency interpretations of ambiguous laws. At oral argument last week, the Court signaled a willingness to overturn Chevron deference. This is notable for the Artificial Intelligence space that lacks explicit legislation from Congress. Indeed, the Executive Order on Artificial Intelligence last year is largely directed at Federal Agencies, instructing the agencies to take action. In the absence of Chevron deference, actions taken by agencies pursuant to that order could be more susceptible to legal challenge. Justice Kagan even called out AI in oral argument as an area that could see effects from the Court’s ruling. The Supreme Court is expected to rule by the end of June.