United Kingdom – prosecution for exports of military goods to Iran, Libya, South Sudan, Sudan and Syria

As first reported by Global Investigations Review (behind a paywall), the UK is prosecuting two individuals for the suspected export of military goods to a range of countries including Iran, Libya, South Sudan, Sudan and Syria.

The defendants David Greenhalgh, 67, and Christos Farmakis, 47, pled not guilty to 17 charges at Southwark Crown Crown on 13 June.

The exports are said to have taken place between 2009 and 2016, with the prosecution underscoring the absence of limitation periods in the UK.

As stated by GIR:

“The defendants allegedly helped ship fighter jets, radar systems, missiles and ammunition to Libya; “battle tanks and associated spare parts”, AK-47 rifles, anti-tank missiles and ammunition to South Sudan; missiles, launchers and rocket-propelled grenades to Syria; and Pechora S-125 surface-to-air missile systems, radar equipment and MiG-29, Su-25 and Su-27 fighter jets to Sudan. …

Farmakis is further accused of being involved in the illicit supply of 5,500 AK-47 rifles and 100,000 tonnes of ammunition to Syria, as well as 25,000 pistols to an unnamed country and unspecified quantities of AK-47 rifles to South Sudan and Iran. 

Greenhalgh is separately accused of helping to export Mi-24V attack helicopters to Sudan”.

Trial has been set for April 2026. 

France – investigation into bank’s Sudan transactions

It is being reported today that BNP Paribas remains the subject of an ongoing investigation by the Paris Prosecutor’s office in relation to allegations of complicity in crimes against humanity, torture and genocide arising from the financial services it provided to the government of Sudan between 2002 and 2008.

BNP’s Swiss subsidiary is also the subject of the investigation.

BNP Paribas has previously pled guilty to US sanctions charges, and the Swiss regulator FINMA has previously punished BNP Paribas Suisse.

While the relevant limitation period for sanctions offences in France has expired, the case is a reminder that same sanctions breaches can potentially give rise to liability for other offences.

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The opinions expressed on this blog are those of the author and are not to be construed as legal advice.

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